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Long before Nigerians woke up to radio jingles, television news or social media trends, communication was already woven into the fabric of everyday life. Messages travelled without electricity, Wi-Fi or printing presses. They moved through sound, symbols and shared cultural understanding. In many communities, the talking drum was not just an instrument of music; it was a living newspaper. A skilled drummer could announce a king’s decree, warn of danger, celebrate births or mourn deaths, all through rhythmic codes the community understood. In that era, mass communication existed, even though modern technology did not. This early phase of Nigerian mass media was deeply communal. Town criers moved from street to street, delivering messages authorised by traditional rulers. Market squares served as information hubs where news, rumours and decisions circulated freely. Communication was direct, trusted and rooted in shared identity. Although the audience was smaller and localised, the intent...

This training material is designed specifically for PGD students of Mass Communication and related disciplines. It translates the ordinary theoretical contents used in most institutions into an engaging, exam-focused, and easy-to-revise study guide. The explanations are simplified without losing academic depth, and examples are drawn from everyday Nigerian media realities to aid understanding and recall during examinations. This training material has been designed to: mirror everyday Nigerian experiences (traffic, radio, TV dramas, exams, road safety campaigns), translate abstract concepts like mass communication, mediation, scale, permanence and socialisation into mental pictures students can recall in exams, and model how students can use illustrative examples to strengthen essay answers. This approach is to help PG students move from rote learning to applied understanding , which examiners often reward and proves relevant to the society. Definition of Mass Media The concept of mas...