Theoretical vs Conceptual Framework – How to know and show the difference



Introduction

If you've ever asked: "Is this my theory or my concept?", you're not alone. Many students — even PhDs — confuse these two. Let’s clear it up with relatable examples.

What is a Theoretical Framework?

This is the foundation. It’s an existing theory developed by scholars to explain phenomena.

📚 Examples:

  • Theory of Planned Behaviour (Ajzen) — used in health and behaviour studies.

  • Technology Acceptance Model (Davis) — great for digital media or tech adoption.

  • Stakeholder Theory (Freeman) — popular in CSR, PR, and organisational studies.

You don't invent the theory — you borrow it and apply it.

What is a Conceptual Framework?

This is your original map of how you see the problem. It includes variables, their relationships, and possible outcomes.

🧠 Here is an Analogy: If your theory is the foundation of the house, your conceptual framework is your building plan.

Major Differences

Theoretical FrameworkConceptual Framework
Borrowed from existing theoriesBuilt for your specific topic
Explains why things happenExplains how your variables connect
Usually comes firstBuilt after defining objectives

Example in Use (Topic: Social Media Use and Mental Health)

  • Theory: Media Dependency Theory (Rubin)

  • Conceptual Framework: Shows how social media usage → perceived pressure → anxiety levels

📩 Need help identifying or mapping your frameworks?
DM “FRAMEWORK FIX” and let’s simplify it together.


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